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我国经济发展面临人口红利消失、老龄化趋势加快的现实问题，工业机器人等自动化技术能够应对由此带来的劳动力短缺，但也同时引发了公众对工业机器人冲击劳动力市场的广泛担忧。本文基于2019年800家广东企业调查数据，给出了工业机器人应用影响企业用工决策的微观层面证据。研究表明，相比没有应用工业机器人的企业，应用工业机器人的企业拥有更大的用人规模、具有更高的扩大用工意愿。这与工业机器人能扩大企业生产规模、提高企业生产效率、产生相关技术岗位需求等作用机制有关，同时也受到劳动替代效应阶段性特征的影响。异质性分析显示，非制造业企业、生产链上游企业和珠三角地区企业引入工业机器人的就业带动能力更强。本文研究结论表明，应该推动企业应用工业机器人进行智能化改造，从而促进就业水平，推动经济高质量发展。
Abstract：China is facing the practical problems of the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend and the acceleration of the population aging trend. Automation technologies such as industrial robots can address the problem of labor shortage. At the same time, it has triggered widespread concern about the impact of industrial robots on the labor market. Based on the survey data of 800 enterprises in Guangdong Province in 2019, we provide the micro-level evidence about the impact of industrial robot application on enterprise employment. The results show that compared with the enterprises without industrial robots, the enterprises with industrial robots have larger employment scale and higher willingness to expand employment. The mechanism behind this is that the use of industrial robots will promote the labor demand of enterprises by expanding the scale of enterprises, improving production efficiency and generating the demand for new jobs. The heterogeneity discussion shows that non-manufacturing enterprises, enterprises in the upstream of the production chain and enterprises located in the Pearl River Delta region have a stronger effect by introducing industrial robots. It shows that the government should promote enterprises' application of industrial robots for intelligent transformation, so as to increase employment for high-quality economic development.
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(1)国际机器人联盟（International Federation of Robotics，以下简称IFR）将工业机器人定义为“自动控制”（Automatically Controlled）、可重新编程（Reprogrammable）和多用途的机器（Multipurpose Machine）。
(1)本文将有给出企业名称和企业代码（社会信用代码或者纳税人识别号）以及回答问题作为有效样本筛选标准。
(1)由于原数据仅有制造业行业的数据，因此本文通过制造业和非制造业的工业机器人覆盖率估计得到非制造业行业的工业机器人保有量数据，避免损失样本量。此外，在利用仅有制造业数据进行IV估计时，系数依然显著。
(1)因篇幅所限，倾向得分匹配结果以附表1和附表2展示，见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(2)由于样本容量不大，进行有放回匹配。同时为克服潜在的小样本偏误，进一步使用自抽样法（Bootstrap）进行500次重复抽样，结果依然成立。
(1)因篇幅所限，控制行业、地区固定效应回归结果以附表3展示。
(1)制造业人均工业机器人保有量=制造业工业机器人保有量/制造业从业人数，数据来源：中国经济社会大数据研究平台。
(1)88个行业分为：上游29个，中游30个，下游29个；此处，将制造业行业进行了进一步细分。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2023.07.007
中图分类号:F272.92;F279.27;TP242.2
引用信息:
[1]陈良源,张一帆,林建浩等.工业机器人应用与企业用工决策——来自微观企业的调查证据[J].统计研究,2023,40(07):85-97.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2023.07.007.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘三重压力’下‘双支柱’调控的政策效应评估与优化研究”（22AZD121）