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知识溢出是提升人力资本进而促进经济增长的重要方式,移动社交网络的出现和广泛使用打破了信息传递的时空限制,但目前关于其是否具有知识溢出效应的研究仍十分缺乏。本文使用三次中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)采集的具有全国代表性的微观家庭和社区面板数据,以金融知识为研究对象,利用社区是否创建微信群作为准实验,采用双重差分(DID)与三重差分模型(DDD)实证考察微信群这一移动社交网络是否具有知识溢出效应。研究发现,社区建立微信群可使群内成员的金融知识水平显著提升约17.5%,且这一效应在农村地区、受教育程度较低、年龄较大的群体中更为显著,这表明移动社交网络可通过知识溢出创造信息红利并缩小数字鸿沟。进一步的机制分析发现,移动社交网络既可通过其信息源渠道激励群成员学习,也可通过交流渠道促进群成员在互动交流中提高知识水平。本文研究结论表明,在移动社交网络广泛普及的背景下,充分利用网络空间思想集聚产生的知识外溢可以为经济发展创造新动能。
Abstract:Knowledge spillover is one of the important ways to enhance human capital, and then promote economic growth. The emergence and widespread use of mobile social networks(MSN) have removed the temporal and spatial constraints on information spread, but studies on whether MSN have knowledge spillover effects are rare. Taking whether communities establish WeChat group, one of the widest used MSN in China, as a quasi-experiment and using micro panel data from China Household Financial Survey(CHFS), this paper tests whether WeChat group has knowledge spillover effect with difference-in-differences(DID) and difference-in-difference-in-differences(DDD) model. We find that WeChat group can increase financial literacy of community members by 17.5 percent, and this effect is stronger for rural area, less educated or older people, which suggests that MSN can create information dividends and narrow digital divide. Further studies show that MSN can not only promote members to learn,but also motivate members to improve financial literacy by communicating. These findings suggest that in the context of the widespread popularization of mobile social networks, making full use of the knowledge spillover generated by the gathering of ideas in cyberspace can create new kinetic energy for economic development.
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(1)位于美国旧金山湾区南部的硅谷聚集了谷歌、英特尔等上千所高科技公司总部,自20世纪50年代以来经历了半导体、电子计算机技术、互联网等技术的转变,如今仍然是全世界高新技术发展最有活力的地区。我国一直以来也重视高新技术产业园的建设,例如,2019年5月28日,国务院印发《关于推进国家级经济技术开发区创新提升打造改革开放新高地的意见》提出要加快建设高新产业园,实施先进制造业集群培养行动。
(2)数据来源于:中华人民共和国国家互联网信息办公室,网址www.cac.gov.cn。
(3)Griliches(1979)将知识分类为显性知识与默会知识,其中显性知识是指可以编码,以专利或书面文字存在的知识。而默会知识指难以编码的数据,只能通过主体间交流互动传播。
(1)平板电脑、笔记本电脑等智能设备也具有下载微信的功能,但由于微信账号注册依赖于智能手机且绝大多数微信用户是通过智能手机这一终端使用微信,故本文使用是否拥有智能手机来区分个体是否有资格加入社区微信群。
(1)这里将是否拥有智能手机限定于微信群建立之前的目的是为了排除部分群体可能为了加入微信群而购买智能手机,这部分群体可能具有较强的信息获取动机,从而可能造成估计偏差。
(2)2013年,关于利率计算的问题为“假设您有100块钱,银行的年利率为5%,如果您把这100元存5年定期,5年后您获得的本金与利息为多少?”,关于通货膨胀的问题为“假定您现在有100块钱,银行的年利率是5%,通货膨胀率是每年3%,您的这100元存银行一年后能买到的东西将比一年前多、少还是一样?”。2015年,关于利率计算的问题为“假设银行的年利率是4%,如果把100元存1年定期,1年后获得的本金和利息为多少?”,关于通货膨胀的问题为“假设银行的年利率是5%,通货膨胀率为3%,把100存银行一年后能买到的东西是比一年前多、少还是一样?”。2019年,关于利率计算的问题为“假设银行的年利率是4%,如果把100元钱存入1年定期,1年后获得的本金和利息为多少?”,关于通货膨胀率的问题为“假设银行的年利率是5%,通货膨胀率为8%,把100元存银行一年后能买到的东西是比一年前多、少还是一样?”。
(1)本变量来源于CHFS调查问卷中的问题:“去年,您家庭因红白喜事(包括做寿、庆生等)给非家庭成员现金或非现金支出为多少?”。
(1)因篇幅所限,稳健性检验以附录展示,见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(1)此处的教育支出变量来源于CHFS问卷G1016问题,指的是广义的教育投入,不仅包括用于孩子教育的学杂费等支出,也包括成人继续教育、职业技能培训等劳动者的人力资本投资,还包括购买付费知识、自我网上学习充电等即时教育投入等。
(2)因篇幅所限,学习机制异质性回归结果以附表8展示。
基本信息:
DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2023.10.006
中图分类号:G206;F49;F832;C912.3
引用信息:
[1]李江一,荔迪.移动社交网络的知识溢出效应——信息红利还是数字鸿沟?[J].统计研究,2023,40(10):69-82.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2023.10.006.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字经济时代移动社交网络的社会乘数效应及其微观机制研究:家庭金融的视角”(72373108); 四川大学从“0到1”创新研究项目“回流劳动力就业创业与乡村振兴的联动机制研究”(2021CXC12)
2023-08-29
2023-08-29
2023-08-29