统计研究

随着教育特别是高等教育的迅速发展,我国高学历人才培养规模呈现膨胀趋势,从而学历对于劳动者工资是否具有影响成为民众越来越关注的议题。本文首先从利润最大化角度分析企业支付给不同学历劳动者工资意愿的差异,这将作为实证检验学历影响劳动者工资的理论支撑,接着运用2004年中国工业经济普查数据分行业检验不同学历劳动者平均工资的差异,并且关注劳动者性别对工资可能存在的影响,其中学历共分为初中、高中、大专、本科与研究生五种。检验结论认为:①高中学历、大专学历与本科学历对于劳动者工资具有积极影响,并且这种影响较为稳定并逐渐增强,而研究生学历对于劳动者工资的影响难以确定;②在运用教育赋分法衡量企业平均学历后,检验认为在平均学历保持不变的情况下,女性员工所占比率对企业所支付的人均工资可能存在负向影响,并且员工平均学历对人均工资的正向影响可能会随着女性员工比率提高而减弱。

With the rapid development of the education,especially the higher education,highly educated personnel training scale in our country presents the expansion of the trend presented,thus it has become a more and more concerned issue to the public that whether the education has a role for workers.This paper,firstly from the perspective of profit maximization analysis the difference of the wages will which is from the enterprises pay to the workers,and this will serve as the theory support to study the influence of the education degree to worker wages.And next we use China's industrial economic census data of 2004 to test the difference of different education degree to laborer average wages by industry,and pay attention to the influence of the different genders to wage,in which the education degree is divided into five kinds: middle school,high school,college graduate,undergraduate and graduate student.The conclusions are as follows:(1) high school education,college degree and bachelor degree for worker wages have a positive influence,and this effect is more stable and enhanced gradually,but the effect of postgraduate degrees for worker wages is difficult to determine;(2) By using education natural endowments method to measure the average degrees of enterprises,the results show that in the condition of the unchanged average degrees,there is a possible negative relationship between women employees percentage of firms and per capita wage,and the positive influence of employee average degree on per capita salary may decrease with the female employee rate increasing.