统计研究

人口普查是世界各国广泛采用的搜集人口资料的一种科学方法,它为国家制定政策提供权威的人口数据,但是,历届人口普查都面临着重报、漏报等严重问题。身份证号码虽然仅有18位,但是信息丰富,而且每位公民的号码都是唯一的,不可重复的。在普查中询问身份证号码,可以取代普查表中的多个问题,可以避免重报、漏报问题,还可以通过身份证号码中地址码与问卷登记地的地址码相比较确定流动人口。通过对"五普"和"六普"数据的分析,我们发现,在以后的人口普查中通过加入身份证号码的询问可以帮助提高普查数据的质量。

The census is widely used as a scientific method to collect demographic information and contribute developing policies accordingly in many countries or regions around the world.However,there are various types of census error that can occur,in which the obvious problems are duplication and omission of entries.The 18-digit identity card numbers are information-rich and important because every citizen has a unique and unrepeatable number.We can replace a number of questions in the census from capturing identity card number in the census,which also help avoiding the problems of duplication and omission.Moreover,we can easily identify the floating population according to the address code of the identity card number and that of the census questionnaire.Through a brief analysis of 5th census and 6th census,our study points out that it can help improving data quality through exploring the rich information of identity card number if we take it as a surveyed item in future census.