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不确定性是经济波动的根本原因,为保持经济平稳健康发展,探究不确定性对经济波动的影响具有重要的现实意义。本文基于拓展的SV模型测算2002—2020年我国月度经济不确定性和金融不确定性,并使用TVAR模型考察经济不确定性和金融不确定性对产出波动和价格波动的分区制影响动态。研究发现,首先,经济不确定性和金融不确定性间存在交互影响,且金融不确定性对经济不确定性的冲击力更强,但滞后性更弱。其次,相较于金融不确定性,经济不确定性对产出波动和价格波动的冲击效应更明显,在产出和价格高波动区制下冲击效应被进一步扩大。最后,在经济不确定性水平高增速情形下,金融不确定性的提升对产出波动和价格波动起到放大作用,而金融不确定性水平的增速高低基本不影响经济不确定性对产出波动和价格波动的冲击。本研究兼顾实体经济和金融市场,从不确定性视角解读经济波动现象,为制定宏观经济调控政策提供有益的实证经验和政策启示。
Abstract:Uncertainty is the driving force of macroeconomic fluctuation; therefore, studying the effects of uncertainty on economic fluctuation has practical significance under the background of keeping the economy growing steadily and healthily. Based on the extended SV model, this paper measures the monthly economic uncertainty and financial uncertainty in China from 2002 to 2020 and uses the TVAR model to examine the regime-dependent impact of economic uncertainty and financial uncertainty on output fluctuation and price fluctuation. It finds that: Firstly, there is an interaction between economic uncertainty and financial uncertainty, and financial uncertainty has a stronger impact on economic uncertainty with a weaker lag. Secondly, compared with financial uncertainty, the impact of economic uncertainty on output fluctuation and price fluctuation is more obvious, and further expanded under the regime of high output and price volatility. Finally, in the scenario of the high growth rate of economic uncertainty, elevated financial uncertainty acts as an amplifier of output fluctuation and price fluctuation,while the low or high growth rate of financial uncertainty has an insignificant impact of economic uncertainty on output fluctuation and price fluctuation. The research takes into account both the real economy and the financial market, interprets the phenomenon of economic fluctuations from the perspective of uncertainty, and provides helpful empirical experience and policy inspiration for the formulation of macroeconomic control policies.
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(1)Jurado等(2015)、黄卓等(2018)采用等权重方法加权。
(2)因篇幅所限,个体不确定性的推导过程以附录1展示,见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(3)因篇幅所限,不确定性测度指标详情以附录2展示。
(4)信贷市场指标包括金融机构存贷款余额、存贷比、短期和中长期贷款、社会融资规模;证券市场选择股票市场、债券市场和期货市场为代表的指标;股票市场指标包括上证和深证综合指数及市盈率、ROE、风险溢价因子、市值因子、账面市值比因子、短期收益反转因子、惯性因子;债券市场指标包括中债综合指数等9个债券指数以及上证基金指数;期货市场指标包括郑州、大连、上海商品交易所的期货成交量、成交额与平均价格。
(5)在季节调整方面,本文参考国家统计局使用的NBS-SA方法,主要考虑数据存在的移动假日效应、固定假日效应、交易日效应和闰年效应。
(1)经济增长和物价稳定是宏观经济调控的重要目标,其运行情况决定宏观经济调控政策的方向,同时二者也是学者研究不确定性与经济波动时重点考察对象(Bloom,2009;Jurado等,2015;Ludvigson等,2021;邓创和吴超,2021),为此本文在研究经济波动时选择产出波动和价格波动作为研究对象。
(2)鉴于状态变量处于高区制时间较短,走势上具有较强的惯性,为了更及时地反映区制差异性对经济波动的影响,本文取d=1。
(3)其中,VO并未选择工业增加值对数增长率的原因在于增长率数据是具有时间趋势的,不适合划分产出波动的高低增速区制,而其不确定性的增长率与产出波动呈正相关关系且不存在时间趋势。CPI则有所不同,由于CPI存在基期,其增长率数据即充分反映价格波动情况。
(4)文中的广义脉冲响应函数在第一期以及多数时期均在统计意义上显著,因篇幅所限,广义脉冲响应函数的可信区间以附录3展示。
(1)“六保”指保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转。
基本信息:
DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2023.11.003
中图分类号:F124;F832
引用信息:
[1]王维国,王际皓.我国经济不确定性、金融不确定性与经济波动[J].统计研究,2023,40(11):29-39.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2023.11.003.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于大数据计量方法的中国人口政策评估与优化研究”(72273019)
2023-11-25
2023-11-25