统计研究

基于ISIC的分析表明,中国制造业对于OECD国家相对实际竞争力水平具有明显的行业差异。纺织服装、造纸等低技术产业竞争力较强,中低技术、中高技术行业的相对实际竞争力较弱。生产要素的价格变动对中国产业国际竞争力具有较大的影响,2000-2008年中国与27个OECD国家面板数据的实证分析表明,原材料购进价格的相对提高对中国产业国际竞争力的影响明显带有行业差异性,低技术产业以及高技术产业这两大类产业竞争力受原材料价格提高影响更为明显,而中低和中高技术产业则几乎不受影响;能源相对价格的提高对除了炼焦和精炼石油制品以外的其他几乎所有行业竞争力带来负面影响;劳动力相对价格的提高也大大降低了中国产业的竞争力,低技术产业受其影响最为明显。从长期来看,技术能力的提高才是中国产业国际竞争力提高的根本途径。

Based on the data of ISIC Two-digit Classification, the Analysis suggests that the relative real competitiveness between China and OECD countries shows obvious industrial difference. Some medium & low-tech industries like Textile & Apparel and Pulp & Paper have relatively stranger competitiveness,but the other medium & low-tech industries and medium & high-tech ones have very weak competitiveness. The competitiveness of Chinese industry are affected by production factors whose prices rise sharply recently. Based on the panel data of OECD countries and China from 2000-2008,Our empirical analysis shows that the relative increase in purchasing price of raw materials has different effect on different industries. The low-tech and high-tech industries are influenced significantly while the medium & low-tech and medium & high-tech industries are almost unaffected. When the price of energy rises,all industries except Coking and Petroleum Refining become less competitive. And the rise in labor price also has a negative impact on almost all industries except that they are affected to varying degrees. Low-tech industries,for example,are further influenced. In the long run, the key way to improve china's international competitiveness is to improve the technological capability.