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环境规制是形成企业外部压力的一个重要因素，对企业环境行为具有强制性约束。本文基于我国A股重污染行业上市企业面板数据，利用多维固定效应模型，从异质性视角探究环境规制对企业环境责任履行的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现，第一，排污收费对企业环境责任履行具有显著促进作用，通过外部压力和内部激励产生“倒逼”效应；环保补助对企业环境责任履行的提高具有阻碍作用，通过寻租行为和投机行为产生“挤出”效应。第二，环境司法强化可以促进排污收费与企业环境责任履行的正向关系，对环保补助与企业环境责任履行的关系起到正向调节作用。第三，当地区市场化水平越高以及企业管理者能力越强时，排污收费的“倒逼”效应更加明显；在非国有企业和管理者能力强的企业中，环保补助的“挤出”效应不明显，反而表现出显著的“补偿”效应。本文为激励企业履行环境责任，发挥企业在环境治理中的主体作用，促进尽早实现“双碳”目标具有积极意义。
Abstract：Environmental regulation is an important factor in the formation of external pressure on enterprises, and has mandatory constraints on the environmental behavior of enterprises. Based on the panel data of listed companies in China's A-share heavy polluting industries, this paper uses a multi-dimensional fixed-effect model to examine the impact and mechanism of environmental regulation on corporate environmental responsibility performance from the perspective of heterogeneity. The results show that: first,the sewage charge significantly improves firms' fulfillment of environmental responsibility, which is reflected in the external pressure and internal incentive. However, environmental subsidies crowd out firms' fulfillment of environmental responsibility, which is reflected in rent-seeking and speculation behavior.Second, the strengthening of environmental judicature the positive relationship between sewage charge and corporate environmental responsibility performance, and plays a positive role in moderating the relationship between environmental subsidy and corporate environmental responsibility performance. Third,the effect of sewage charge is more obvious when the level of regional marketization is higher and managerial competence is stronger. The crowding-out effect of environmental subsidy on corporate environmental responsibility performance is not obvious in non-state-owned firms and firms with strong managerial competence, but the compensation effect is more obvious. The conclusions are of positive significance to encourage firms to fulfill environmental responsibility, give full play to their main role in environmental governance, and promote the early realization of the carbon peak and neutral goals.
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(1)资料来源：http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0712/c1001-30143972.html。
(1)因篇幅所限，企业环境责任履行的测度指标体系以附表1展示，见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(1)因篇幅所限，主要变量的描述性统计特征以附表2展示。
(1)因篇幅所限，克服样本选择偏误的回归结果以附表3展示。
(2)因篇幅所限，改变因变量度量方式的回归结果以附表4展示。
(3)因篇幅所限，改变自变量度量方式的回归结果以附表5展示。
(1)因篇幅所限，采用Tobit模型的回归结果以附表6展示。
(2)因篇幅所限，基于不同层级聚类标准误的回归结果以附表7展示。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.12.002
中图分类号:X322;F270;F832.51
引用信息:
[1]胡宗义,何冰洋,李毅,等.异质性环境规制与企业环境责任履行[J].统计研究,2022,39(12):22-37.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.12.002.
基金信息:
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“企业环境责任与政府协同机制研究”（19JZD024）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于市场的政策工具对能源-经济-环境系统的影响机理及基于MBIs-CGE模型的政策评估研究”（71774053）
2022-12-25
2022-12-25