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本文利用1999-2007年170多万家制造业企业数据,从企业异质性视角,研究了FDI通过水平关联和垂直关联等渠道对内资企业的技术溢出效应。本文的研究不仅回答了我国制造业企业是否存在FDI技术外溢,而且还深入研究了技术外溢效应是如何发生的。研究结果表明:①从总体上看,外资企业主要通过前后向关联效应促进本地企业生产率的提高,在行业内,存在市场挤出效应。②与私营企业相比,外资并没有通过水平或垂直关联对国有企业产生正的技术外溢效应。内外资企业之间技术差距越小,越有利于FDI技术外溢的产生。③外资的异质性会影响FDI技术外溢的效果,出口型FDI对内资企业存在显著的水平挤出效应,外资控制权越高,技术外溢的效应越弱。
Abstract：From the perspective of firm heterogeneity,this paper uses about 1.7 million firm-level panel data to test technology spillovers of foreign direct investment(FDI) to domestic firms by the horizontal and vertical linkages in the Chinese manufacturing industry between 1999 and 2007.This paper not only focuses on the question of whether or not FDI generates technology spillovers to domestic firms,but also explores what influence the existence of spillovers.Our findings can be summarized as follows:(1) From an overall point of view,FDI has generated positive productivity spillovers to domestic firms via backward linkages as well as forward linkages,but we find negative horizontal externalities.(2) In contrast to private firms,the evidence that zero or negative horizontal and vertical externalities is found on state-owned firms.The smaller of technology gap between foreign firms and domestic ones,it is more beneficial for FDI to generate technology spillovers.(3) The heterogeneity of FDI also influences the technology spillovers effects.Horizontal crowding-out effects from export-oriented FDI are significant.FDI with higher foreign control right would generate weaker spillover externalities.
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②共划分为71个行业,具体分类方法参照:http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/public/n07057/China.
①按照我国《中外合资经营企业法》的规定,外资达到25%及以上的企业为中外合资企业。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2013.07.008
中图分类号:F832.6;F273.1;F224
引用信息:
[1]陈德湖,马平平.外商直接投资、产业关联与技术外溢[J].统计研究,2013,30(07):55-63.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2013.07.008.
基金信息:
2010年国家社会科学基金青年项目“发展中国家工业化理论与政策研究”(10CJL039)资助
2013-07-15
2013-07-15