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可比价投入产出表的编制可以为生产率等经济分析提供必不可少的数据条件。在当年价时间序列投入产出表基础上，本文构建可比价投入产出表的编制方法——改进的双缩减法，对投入产出表的国产中间产品、进口品、最终需求等各部分分别采用恰当的价格指数进行缩减，并参照可比价国内生产总值等总量数据，建立数学模型进行一致性调整，形成我国1985—2018年可比价非竞争型序列投入产出表。基于此数据的分析表明，我国经济总体的实际增加值率与现价增加值率的趋势基本相同，2008年前下降、之后企稳并在2016年开始反转，这一变动趋势由制造业主导，源于国产中间品相对于进口品的价格下降。强大的生产能力和激烈的市场竞争压低产品价格，也压低增加值率。与现有文献同类数据的比较表明，本文编制的可比价表在重要指标上具有与官方更高的一致性，说明方法的优越性与数据的可靠性。其独特之处在于，一是价格指数体系更加详尽，更能反映真实的产品价格变化；二是确保与其他宏观核算数据的一致性，更有利于发挥投入产出表在实证应用中的作用。
Abstract：The compilation of time series input-output tables at constant prices can provide essential data for economic analysis such as productivity. Based on the time series input-output tables at current prices, this paper establishes a method for compiling time series input-output tables at constant prices—modified double deflation. The appropriate and different price indexes are used to deflate each part of the input-output tables respectively, such as domestic intermediate goods, imports and final demands. With reference to the aggregate data such as GDP, mathematical models are established for consistency adjustment to compile non-competitive input-output tables of China at constant prices from 1985 to 2018. Analysis based on this data shows that the overall real value-added rate of the Chinese economy has followed a trend similar to that of the current value-added rate, declining before 2008, stabilizing thereafter, and beginning to reverse in 2016. This trend was mainly driven by the manufacturing sectors, due to a decline in the price of domestic intermediate goods relative to imported goods. Strong production capacity and intense market competition have lowered product prices and, in turn, the value-added rate. Comparison with similar data in the existing literature shows that this paper has a higher consistency with the official important indicators, which illustrates the superiority of the methodology and the reliability of the data. The unique features of the non-competitive time series input-output tables at constant prices formed in this paper are that, firstly, the price index system is more detailed, which can better reflect the real product price changes; secondly, it ensures the consistency with other macroeconomic accounts data and facilitates the role of input-output tables in the empirical applications.
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(1)国民经济核算中不变价的英文为Constant Price，在我国也称可比价，因此本文把编制的以上年为价格基年的序列投入产出表称为可比价序列投入产出表。
(1)参见联合国等（2012）第14.137段。SNA的国际标准是先编制供给使用表，并进一步推导对称的投入产出表。《欧盟统计局供给、使用和投入产出表手册》可参见网站https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/ks-ra-07-013。
(2)SNA2025可参见网站https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna2025.asp，《供给使用和投入产出表编制及扩展和应用手册》可参见网站https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3899713?v=pdf。
(1)定基的价格指数在同一基期内，可以满足分量和总量之间的可加性，但是不同基期的序列数据进行链接后，可加性不再满足。在保持中间投入、增加值和总产出增长率不变的同时，经过链接后，不变价中间投入和增加值的合计将不等于总产出。
(1)本文中，农业部门是指农林牧渔产品和服务；工业部门是采矿业产品及服务，制造业产品，电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应等多个部门的总称；建筑部门即建筑；服务部门是除农业部门、工业部门、建筑部门以外其他部门的总称。
(1)因篇幅所限，37个产品部门分类以附表1展示，见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(2)Chen等（2020）构建1997—2015年间逢0、2、5、7年份的反映加工贸易的非竞争型投入产出表，简称为DPN表。
(1)数据涉及《中国对外贸易指数》的具体年份为1983—2011年，《中国统计年鉴》的具体年份为2012—2018年。
(1)各国投入产出表的编制和发布都有一定的滞后期，本文是在现价表基础上编制可比价表，因此导致数据的滞后。编制的可比价表详细结果以附录2形式展示。后续将同步编制现价表和可比价表，并加快对数据库的更新，以更好发挥数据的分析作用。
(1)因篇幅所限，采矿业和ICT行业中4个部门的增加值率以附图1展示。
(2)因篇幅所限，增加值率的分解结果以附表2展示。
(1)因篇幅所限，GDP实际增速的比较以附图2展示。
(1)因篇幅所限，推算的价格指数的比较以附图3展示。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2025.08.003
中图分类号:F124
引用信息:
[1]张红霞,王力博,夏明.中国可比价非竞争型序列投入产出表的编制[J].统计研究,2025,42(08):31-44.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2025.08.003.
基金信息:
北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重点项目“建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系研究”(24LLYJB052)