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本文运用自然语言文本处理分析方法量化亚太区域自由贸易协定（FTA）的知识产权保护深度，探讨FTA知识产权保护深度对出口产品质量的影响。结果发现，FTA知识产权保护深度加强显著提升了各国出口产品的质量。异质性分析表明，从国家类型看，FTA知识产权保护深度能显著提升北–北、南–北国家的出口产品质量；从产品类别看，FTA知识产权保护深度对高知识产权密集型和低知识产权密集型产品出口质量均有促进作用，但对高知识产权密集型产品的出口质量提升作用更显著，另外不同行业所受影响也存在差异。从驱动因素来看，外商直接投资引致的技术溢出效应和研发激励效应是FTA知识产权保护深度促进出口产品质量提升的重要路径。同时，我国签订FTA的生效及其知识产权保护深度加强均能促进提升我国出口产品质量。因此，渐进有效推动FTA知识产权规则深化，合理审慎选择FTA伙伴方，对标高标准国际贸易和投资规则，将有利于我国出口产品质量的提升。
Abstract：This paper employs a natural language text processing analysis to quantify the depth of intellectual property protection in the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Agreement, and empirically examine the impact of the depth of protection on the export product quality. The main finding is that strengthening the degree of FTA intellectual property protection will improve export product quality significantly.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the depth of FTA intellectual property protection could significantly improve the quality of export products in north-north and north-south countries. From the perspective of product types, the depth of FTA intellectual property protection can promote the export quality of both high-IP-intensive products and low-IP-intensive products, but it has a more significant effect on the export quality of high-IP-intensive products. In addition, there are some differences in different industries. From the perspective of driving factors, this paper finds that the technology spillover effect caused by FDI and R&D incentive effect are an important channel for FTA intellectual property protection to promote export product quality. Furthermore, this paper finds that China's signing FTA and strengthening the degree of intellectual property protection will improve Chinese export product quality. As a result, this paper concludes that effectively and progressively deepening FTA intellectual property rules, reasonably and prudently selecting FTA partners, and adhering to the standard international trade and investment rules will improve Chinese export product quality.
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(1)涉及的关键词有Copyrights,Related Rights,Trademarks,Geographical Indications,Industrial Designs,Patents,Undisclosed Information,Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits,New Plant Varieties,Traditional Knowledge,Genetic Resources,Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite Signals和Domain Names。
(1)因篇幅所限，出口产品质量的测度方法以附录1展示，见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(2)缅甸和老挝由于数据缺失严重，故不在样本范围内。
(3)网址：http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele.asp。
(4)网址：http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicMaintainRTAHome.aspx。
(5)对于个别年份空缺数据，本文采用线性插值法予以补齐。
(6)因篇幅所限，主要变量的描述性统计结果以附表1展示。网址：https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-developmentindicators。
(1)出于简洁性考虑，本文只展示用主成分分析得到的综合性指标pca作为核心解释变量的回归结果。
(1)网址：https://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata.html。
(2)因篇幅所限，不同技术密集度行业回归结果以附表2展示。
(1)网址为https://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/anberdanalyticalbusinessenterpriseresearchanddevelopmentdatabase.htm。
(2)因篇幅所限，加入制造业研发密度回归结果以附表3展示。
(3)因篇幅所限，执法单词数稳健性检验结果以附表4展示。
(4)这14个关键词分别为General Enforcement Statement,Dispute Settlement Mechanism,Implementation Provision,Border Measures,Special Requirements Related to Border Measures,Civil,Administrative Procedures,Remedies,Provisional Measures,Criminal Procedures,Remedies,Service Provider Liability,IPR Committee和Transparency。
(1)因篇幅所限，分质量梯度回归结果以附表5展示。
(2)因篇幅所限，以两年为间隔的回归结果和以三年为间隔的回归结果分别以附表6和附表7展示。
(3)因篇幅所限，外商直接投资和研发影响渠道检验结果以附表8展示。
(4)网址为https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=61227426。
(5)本文考察的是FDI而非净FDI渠道效应，故将个别国家FDI为负值的数据统一以零值处理，所有数据加1取自然对数。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2024.02.004
中图分类号:F744;F204
引用信息:
[1]代中强,孙全刚.自由贸易协定知识产权保护深度与出口产品质量——基于亚太区域贸易协定文本的量化研究[J].统计研究,2024,41(02):40-52.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2024.02.004.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络研究”（22ZDA062）
2024-02-25
2024-02-25