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人力资本理论认为受教育程度越高越利于就业，而专用性人力资本的存在会使不同专业的学生就业结果不同，但这些假设没有在残障大学毕业生中得到过充分检验。本文基于中国残联就业服务指导中心2017—2022年的全样本统计数据，利用Logit模型分析学历和专业是否会对我国残障大学生的就业概率和就业质量产生影响。结果表明，在残障毕业生中高等专科毕业生和研究生都比本科生就业概率更高，这与普通高校毕业生的情况有所不同；从就业质量来看，残障毕业生教育层次越高越容易实现高质量就业。在专业方面，理工农医专业的残障毕业生就业概率和就业质量高于人文社科专业毕业生。此外，残障的严重程度是影响残障毕业生就业概率和就业质量的重要因素，而心智障碍毕业生比其他残障类型更难实现就业。这些研究发现为残障学生在教育决策和专业选择上提供参考，也为高校在残障大学生的人才培养、就业指导等方面提供启示。
Abstract：The human capital theory holds that the higher the education level, the more conducive to employment, and the existence of specific human capital will lead to different employment results for college students of different majors, but these hypotheses have not been tested in college graduates with disabilities(GWD). This study utilizes the data from China Disabled Persons' Federation Employment Service and Administration Center between 2017 to 2022, and employs Logit model to examine the influence of education levels and majors on the employment probability and quality for GWD in China. The results indicate that GWD with higher vocational and master degrees have a higher probability of employment compared to those with bachelor degrees, which differs from the situation of graduates without disabilities. In terms of job quality, it is easier for GWD with higher educational levels to achieve highquality employment. Regarding majors, GWD in science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine have higher employment probabilities and better job quality than those majoring in humanities and social sciences. Additionally, the severity of disability is an important factor influencing the employment probability and quality for GWD, and graduates with mental and intellectual disabilities are more difficult to secure employment compared to other types of disabilities. These research findings provide guidance for students with disabilities in educational decision-making and career choices, as well as insights for universities in talent cultivation and employment guidance for college students with disabilities.
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(1)数据来源于国家统计局网站，https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202401/t20240117_1946624.html。
(2)数据来源于2022年全国教育事业发展统计公报，http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/sjzl_fztjgb/202307/t20230705_1067278.html。
(3)数据来源于European Comparative Data on Europe 2020&People with Disabilities,https://www.disability-europe.net/theme/statisticalindicators。
(1)数据来源于2021 Graduating Students Survey,https://cusc-ccreu.ca/wordpress/?page_id=32&lang=en。
(2)中国残联残疾人就业服务指导中心2022年统计数据。
(1)农业种养加是指农业种植、养殖和加工业。
(1)本文将一、二级残障程度定义为重度残障，三、四级残障定义为轻度残障。
(2)因篇幅所限，Logit回归模型的边际效应结果以附表1展示，见《统计研究》网站所列附件。
(1)https://www.agcas.org.uk/write/MediaUploads/Resources/Disability%20TG/AGCAS_What_Happens_Next_2021_-_February_2021.html。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2024.06.009
中图分类号:F249.2;G647.38;G769.2
引用信息:
[1]廖娟,满艳秋,曹艳丽等.高校残障毕业生就业结果的影响因素研究[J].统计研究,2024,41(06):110-120.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2024.06.009.
基金信息:
教育部人文社会科学青年项目“数字经济发展对代际收入流动性的影响：机制、效应与政策研究”（23YJC790028）; 北京市融爱融乐心智障碍者家庭支持中心委托项目“残疾人就业的成本收益研究”（SK20230171）