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环境污染会受到人口结构变迁的影响,且具有明显的空间异质性特征。然而既有相关研究大多对样本进行了主观空间分类,容易造成实证结果的偏差。为此,本文引入带有伴随变量的有限混合模型,对2000—2020年我国省域面板数据进行客观分类,进而讨论人口结构对环境污染影响的异质性特征。研究结果显示:第一,人口结构对环境污染的影响可以利用包含2条路径的有限混合模型进行异质性特征的细致刻画;第二,引入技术创新和产业结构作为伴随变量,发现二者均能够有效缓解老龄化对环境污染的负面影响,并增强人力资本、城镇化的减污作用。第三,22个省份在样本期内发生了影响路径的转换,并且技术创新对路径转换的决定作用明显强于产业结构升级的作用。本文为人口结构变迁背景下我国的环境污染治理提供了有益借鉴。
Abstract:Environmental pollution is affected by population structure change and has obvious spatial heterogeneity. However, most of the existing relevant studies make subjective spatial classification of samples, which will cause the deviation of empirical results. For this reason, this paper introduces a finite mixture model with concomitant variables for the first time to objectively classify the panel data of China's provinces from 2000 to 2020, and then discusses the heterogeneous characteristics of the impact of population structure on environmental pollution. The results show that: first, the influence of population structure on environmental pollution can be described in detail by using a finite mixture model with 2groups. Second, by introducing technological innovation and industrial structure as the concomitant variables, it can be seen that both of them can effectively alleviate the negative impact of aging on environmental pollution, and enhance the role of human capital and urbanization in reducing pollution.Third, more importantly, group conversion occurred in 22 provinces during the investigation period, and the decisive role of technological innovation in group conversion is obviously stronger than that of industrial structure upgrading. This paper provides a useful reference for China's environmental pollution control under the background of population structure change.
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(1)参考李超等(2015),本文将人口结构细化为人口自然结构、人口社会结构以及人口空间结构三个方面,并分别以人口老龄化、人力资本以及城镇化示之。
(2)相关数据来自教育部《2021年全国教育事业统计主要结果》和国家统计局网站。
(1)“先验信息”主要指在进行实证分析之前所获得的历史资料或经验。这里主要指的是按照地理位置或收入水平等人为设定的条件进行主观分类的信息。
(1)具体地,AIC=-2LL+2K,BIC=-2LL+Klnn,AIC3=-2LL+3K,CAIC=-2LL+Kln(n+1)。其中,LL为对数极大似然值,K和n分别代表待估计参数的个数和观测值数目。
(1)该报告由中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所、中国人民健康保险股份有限公司、社会科学文献出版社共同发布。
(1)依据国家统计局的划分标准,将全国划分为东、中、西三大区域。其中,东部地区包括:北京、天津、河北、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、辽宁、海南11个省份;中部地区包括:山西、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南8个省份;西部地区包括:内蒙古、四川、重庆、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、广西、新疆11个省份。由于数据缺失,我国西藏自治区和港澳台地区未纳入研究样本。
(1)因篇幅所限,未加入伴随变量时各省份人口结构对环境污染影响的路径转换结果和时间以附表1A和2A展示,见《统计研究》网站所列附件。下同。
(2)因篇幅所限,加入伴随变量时各省份人口结构对环境污染影响的路径转换结果和时间以附表1B和2B展示。
(1)采用熵权法赋权并进行指标构建(刘晨跃和徐盈之,2019)。
基本信息:
DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.11.007
中图分类号:X24;C924.2
引用信息:
[1]逯进,赵亚楠,高艳云.我国省域人口结构对环境污染影响的异质性研究——基于有限混合模型[J].统计研究,2022,39(11):88-101.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.11.007.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金项目“人口结构转变对我国经济发展影响的时空演化机制研究”(18BJL117); 教育部人文社会科学研究项目“社会调查中高收入群体信息缺失的推断方法及应用研究”(21YJA910003); 山东省高等学校青创科技计划项目“中国人口体系的形成与变动机制及其与经济发展关系的演化”(2019RWE024)
2022-10-30
2022-10-30
2022-10-30