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企业对外直接投资是经营活动的跨国转移,是"创造"还是"转移"了本国就业?针对该问题,本文利用我国2005—2007年1016家有对外直接投资的工业企业数据,运用数据匹配和倍差法(DID)检验了企业对外直接投资的"就业效应"。经过检验有如下发现:第一,对外直接投资总体促进了企业在本国就业的增长;第二,与其他投资动机比,商贸服务类投资显著促进了企业在本国就业的增长;第三,对高收入国家投资显著促进了企业在本国就业的增长,而对中低收入国家的投资并没有明显替代本国就业;第四,企业对外直接投资的"就业效应"先上升后下降,呈现倒"U"型趋势。研究表明,目前我国企业大规模对外直接投资可能"创造"了国内就业。
Abstract：Multinationals usually expand operations abroad. Does they create home employment or destroy home employment? In this paper,using the data from 1016 manufacturing firms which have outward direct investment in other countries from 2005 to 2007,and applying the matching method and different-in-different,we investigate the effect of ODI.The results suggest that ODI generally creates jobs for the firms at home country. There is much stronger creation when the ODI is for business service and in high-income countries. The employment effect presents the shape of inverse "U". In summary,the large-scale outward direct investment from Chinese firms may have created home employment.
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(1)本文主旨是研究我国企业对外直接投资对其母公司在国内就业的影响,即,是替代还是创造了其母公司在国内的就业。
(1)准确来讲,我国企业的对外直接投资还包括技术研发和资源开发两类。由于这两类投资的企业数目不多,因而本文主要分析商贸服务和当地生产两类投资。
(1)根据我国目前相关法规,凡是要在海外设立独立子公司的国内企业都必须在商务部进行登记备案。所以,本文实验组企业都是在海外以独立子公司的形式进行直接投资的。由于海外子公司是财务独立的,因此实验组企业的财务数据仅包括其国内母公司的,不包括海外子公司。
(1)本文考察的实验组和对照组都是2005-2007年的样本,但是为了考察时间上的动态效应,也考察了企业在ODI之后2008-2009年间的“就业效应”,因此实际用到的是2004-2009年企业样本。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2016.08.007
中图分类号:F279.2;F125;F249.2
引用信息:
[1]蒋冠宏.我国企业对外直接投资的“就业效应”[J].统计研究,2016,33(08):55-62.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2016.08.007.
基金信息: