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在明确提出纯进口企业现象的基础上，本文首先对我国纯进口企业的特征事实进行了统计分析，其次实证分析了纯进口企业的生产率溢价效应，并把纯内销企业分为纯进口企业和非外贸企业，进一步揭示了纯进口企业生产率较高的原因以及进口的作用。统计分析表明，纯进口企业是我国外贸企业的主要类型之一，纯进口企业数量约占我国各类外贸企业数量的20%左右，占我国全部进口企业数量的30%以上，纯进口企业的生产率明显高于进出口企业、纯出口企业以及非外贸企业。实证分析表明，纯进口企业的生产率溢价低于进出口企业、高于纯出口企业，各种检验表明这个结果是稳健的；与非外贸企业相比，纯进口企业生产率较高的原因在于，纯进口企业具有进口自选择效应和进口学习效应，纯进口企业本身具有较高的生产率，可以克服各种成本选择进口，纯进口企业通过进口学习效应又进一步提高了自身的生产率。进一步研究发现，纯进口企业通过进口显著促进了企业创新，企业创新又显著促进了生产率的提升。本文的研究结论为我国积极扩大进口提供了理论基础。
Abstract：On the basis of clearly putting forward the phenomenon of pure import enterprises, this paper first statistically analyzes the characteristic facts of China's pure import enterprises, then empirically analyzes the productivity premium effect of pure import enterprises, and divides pure domestic enterprises into pure import enterprises and non-foreign trade enterprises, further reveals the reasons for the high productivity of pure import enterprises and the role of import. Statistical analysis shows that pure import enterprises are one of the main types of China's foreign trade enterprises. The number of pure import enterprises accounts for about 20% of China's various foreign trade enterprises and about 40% of China's total import enterprises. The productivity of pure import enterprises is significantly higher than that of two-way trade enterprises, pure export enterprises and non-foreign trade enterprises. Empirical analysis shows that the productivity premium of pure import enterprises is lower than that of two-way trade enterprises and higher than that of pure export enterprises. Various tests show that this result is robust.Compared with non-foreign trade enterprises, the reason for the higher productivity of pure import enterprises is that pure import enterprises have import self-selection effect and import learning effect. Pure import enterprises themselves have higher productivity and can overcome various costs and choose to import. Pure import enterprises further improve their productivity through import learning effect. Further research shows that pure import enterprises significantly promote enterprise innovation through import, and enterprise innovation significantly promotes the improvement of productivity. The conclusion of this paper provides a theoretical basis for China to actively expand imports.
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(1)数据来源：世界银行数据库。
(2)本文将企业划分为外贸企业与非外贸企业。其中，外贸企业包含纯进口企业、进出口企业、纯出口企业。
(1)本文借鉴罗雨泽等（2016）的做法，依据企业注册投资资本占的比重（≥50%）将企业划分为集体企业、民营企业、国有企业、外资企业以及港澳台资企业。
(1)需要说明的是，受数据不可得的客观事实，本文未能使用最新年份的样本进行研究，这使得本文的研究结论具有一定的局限性。但是，在当前我国实施积极扩大进口的重大战略背景下，在纯进口企业数量大幅增加的现实情况下，作为经验研究，本文的研究对当前政府制定积极扩大进口的政策仍然具有一定参考意义。
(2)行业固定效应控制的是4位码国民经济行业。
(1)因篇幅所限，稳健性检验估计结果以附表1展示，见《统计研究》网站所列附件。
(1)该数据由作者依据中国海关贸易数据库和中国工业企业数据库整理计算而得，受最新数据不可得的限制，此处数据的观测期为2000—2013年。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.05.005
中图分类号:F752.61
引用信息:
[1]魏浩,连慧君,王超男.中国纯进口企业之谜：进口的作用[J].统计研究,2022,39(05):63-78.DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.05.005.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国主动扩大进口问题研究”（19ZDA068）; 教育部社会科学基金项目“中国货物贸易进口价格问题研究”（18JHQ056）; 首都经济贸易大学北京市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“进口竞争对中国企业出口高质量发展的影响研究”（XRZ2022041）
2022-05-30
2022-05-30
2022-05-30